@article {bioinflmu-549,
	title = {{IL-1beta, but not BMP-7 leads to a dramatic change in the gene expression pattern of human adult articular chondrocytes--portraying the gene expression pattern in two donors}},
	journal = {Cytokine},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {90-99},
	abstract = {Anabolic and catabolic cytokines and growth factors such as BMP-7 and

IL-1beta play a central role in controlling the balance between degradation and

repair of normal and (osteo)arthritic articular cartilage matrix. In this report,

we investigated the response of articular chondrocytes to these factors IL-1beta

and BMP-7 in terms of changes in gene expression levels. Large scale analysis was

performed on primary human adult articular chondrocytes isolated from two human,

independent donors cultured in alginate beads (non-stimulated and stimulated with

IL-1beta and BMP-7 for 48 h) using Affymetrix gene chips (oligo-arrays).

Biostatistical and bioinformatic evaluation of gene expression pattern was

performed using the Resolver software (Rosetta). Part of the results were

confirmed using real-time PCR. IL-1beta modulated significantly 909 out of 3459

genes detectable, whereas BMP-7 influenced only 36 out of 3440. BMP-7 induced

mainly anabolic activation of chondrocytes including classical target genes such

as collagen type II and aggrecan, while IL-1beta, both, significantly modulated

the gene expression levels of numerous genes; namely, IL-1beta down-regulated the

expression of anabolic genes and induced catabolic genes and mediators. Our data

indicate that BMP-7 has only a limited effect on differentiated cells, whereas

IL-1beta causes a dramatic change in gene expression pattern, i.e. induced or

repressed much more genes. This presumably reflects the fact that BMP-7 signaling

is effected via one pathway only (i.e. Smad-pathway) whereas IL-1beta is able to

signal via a broad variety of intracellular signaling cascades involving the JNK,

p38, NFkB and Erk pathways and even influencing BMP signaling.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2006.10.005},
	author = {Joachim Saas and Jochen Haag and D. Rueger and S. Chubinskaya and Florian Sohler and Ralf Zimmer and Eckart Bartnik and Thomas Aigner}
}